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Long Covid: the symptoms and tips for recovery

Updated eighteen February 2022

While coronavirus symptoms may pass chop-chop, some people are suffering long-term furnishings. We await at the symptoms of long Covid and offer some tips to aid manage them.

What's on this folio

What is long Covid?

• What is long Covid?
• How probable am I to get long Covid?
• How long does it take to recover from long Covid?

What are the symptoms of long Covid?

• What are the symptoms of long Covid?
• Which long Covid symptoms are most mutual?
• Is it normal to have chest pain later Covid?
• What blazon of chest pain do people become after Covid?
• Is it normal to accept back hurting after Covid?
• Why do some people get palpitations, feel silly or faint later Covid?

Tips for managing long Covid symptoms

• Fatigue and breathlessness
• Heave your mood and mental wellness
• Tips for thinking or retentivity issues
• Relieving articulation or muscle pain

What tests and treatments are available?

• Is there a test for long Covid?
• Is at that place a treatment for long Covid?

Vaccination and long Covid

• Does getting vaccinated reduce the run a risk of long Covid?
• Does getting vaccinated assistance if you lot already take long Covid?
• Tin can children become long Covid?

Common questions well-nigh long Covid

• Who is most at take chances of developing long Covid?
• Is long Covid contagious?
• If I take long Covid, volition I test positive?
• What support tin I get for long Covid?
• What research is existence done into long Covid?

• Read stories from people with long Covid

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What is long Covid?

What is long Covid?

Long Covid is a term to describe the effects of Covid-nineteen that go on for weeks or months beyond the initial affliction. The health watchdog the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Dainty) defines long Covid equally lasting for more than 12 weeks, although some people consider symptoms that last more than than eight weeks to be long Covid. The Earth Health Arrangement (WHO) defines long Covid as "unremarkably 3 months from the onset of Covid-19 with symptoms that terminal for at least two months and cannot exist explained past an culling diagnosis."

Research published in June 2021 past Regal Higher London, based on half a million people in England, plant 2 main categories of ongoing symptoms: a smaller group of people with respiratory symptoms, such every bit a cough or breathlessness, (this group was more likely to take had severe Covid-19 affliction initially), and a larger grouping with a cluster of more general symptoms, particularly tiredness and fatigue.

Research based on people who reported their symptoms of long Covid on the Zoe Covid Symptom Written report app besides identified ii main groups of symptoms, i mainly respiratory, but including fatigue and headaches, and a 2d grouping of symptoms affecting many parts of the trunk, including the heart, brain and the gut. In the report of four,182 people, center symptoms were commonly reported, such as palpitations or increased heartbeat, besides equally non-center-related symptoms such equally pins and needles, numbness and 'brain fog'.

How probable am I to become long Covid?

The Function for National Statistics (ONS) estimates that between 3 and 12 per cent of people who catch Covid will yet take symptoms 12 weeks after their initial infection. This is based on data provided past xx,000 people in the Coronavirus Infection Survey (CIS) betwixt 26 Apr and ane August 2021.

Information technology'southward important to note that these estimates were made before Omicron became the dominant variant in the UK. Considering Omicron hasn't been around for long enough, nosotros don't yet know whether information engineering science is more than or less likely to event in long Covid. Because more of the population are now fully vaccinated, it will also be difficult to tell whether whatsoever differences in long Covid rates are due to the differences betwixt variants or because of the protective effects of vaccination.

The ONS estimates that i.3 meg people in the United kingdom of uk and northern ireland were experiencing long Covid symptoms as of two January 2022. This amounts to just over one in fifty of the population (2.one per cent). This was defined as symptoms that had lasted more than than iv weeks from the initial infection. This is up from 1.two one thousand thousand (ane.9%) as of 2 October, reflecting the increase in Covid infections in Dec 2021.

More 4 in 10 (42 per cent) of those people were experiencing long Covid symptoms more than a yr after their starting time suspected infection. Near two thirds (63 per cent) said their symptoms had reduced their ability to acquit out daily activities.

A written report published in June by Purple Higher, London, of one-half a 1000000 adults in England who reported having Covid illness found that over a third all the same had at least 1 symptom 12 weeks afterwards.

A written report led by the Academy of Leicester of just over one,000 people who had needed handling in infirmary for Covid institute that the bulk (seven in x) had non fully recovered five months afterwards they were discharged. The study authors said that 1 in five of those in the report could be considered to accept a new disability.

Of those who were working earlier they had Covid-nineteen, about 1 in 5 (17.8 per cent) were no longer working and a further one in v (nineteen.three per cent) had experienced a health-related alter to their piece of work.

• Larn more virtually what coronavirus does to the trunk.
• The BHF is supporting research into Covid-nineteen and its effects on the center and circulatory organisation.

How long does information engineering science accept to recover from long Covid?

We are all the same learning how long the illness lasts and it varies betwixt people. It's important to note that lasting furnishings aren't unique to Covid-19 – other viral illnesses tin likewise accept lasting effects. The study led by Leicester researchers described to a higher place suggests that among those who needed infirmary treatment for the initial disease, it is common for information technology to terminal v months or more than, and at that place are separate reports of it lasting 12 months or more (this includes both people who didn't demand infirmary handling initially and those who did.)

What are the symptoms of long Covid?

Although well-most people who become Covid-19 recover quickly, for some the effects of the virus tin tin last for weeks or months. This is known every bit "long Covid".

For some, information technology tin seem similar a bicycle of improving for a time and and then getting worse over again. These long-term furnishings aren't only amid those who needed to go to infirmary, or fifty-fifty who felt seriously unwell when they outset defenseless the virus.

Lasting symptoms of coronavirus can include:

• fatigue
• breathlessness or shortness of breath
• difficulty sleeping
• feet and depression
• heart palpitations
• chest tightness or pain
• articulation or muscle pain
• not existence able to retrieve directly or focus ('encephalon fog')
• change to your sense of smell or taste
• persistent cough

Which long Covid symptoms are most common?

According to the ONS, the nearly mutual symptoms experienced past people with long Covid are fatigue (51%), loss of smell (37%), shortness of breath (36%), followed past difficulty concentrating (28%).

Is it normal to have breast pain after Covid?

Breast hurting is a mutual symptom of Covid-19. Some people are experiencing breast pain that lasts across their initial Covid-19 infection, or that starts in the weeks later on they've had the virus.

It'south important to call up that 50-fifty if y'all accept had Covid-nineteen and are at present are experiencing chest pain, it may non be related to the virus.

If you lot experience any new type of breast hurting, it's of import to become medical advice, every bit chest hurting tin exist a sign of something more than serious, like a centre or lung problem.

When should I seek urgent medical assistance?

Call 999 if yous feel:

• Breast pain that is sudden or severe and doesn't go abroad
• Sudden breast hurting that is accompanied past airsickness, nausea, sweating, or shortness of jiff
• Sudden chest pain that is accompanied by a loss of consciousness

If you lot have breast hurting that comes and goes, y'all should still speak to your GP nigh it or telephone phone call 111 – as chest hurting should never be ignored.

Some people with severe Covid-xix as well feel heart and circulatory problems during their illness.

• Read more than well-almost Covid-19 and your middle
• Read more about Covid-xix and blood clots

What blazon of chest hurting do people become subsequently Covid-19?

We are still learning more than nigh chest hurting following Covid-nineteen, simply it seems likely that it tin can be caused past a diverseness of things.

Musculus hurting or soreness (myalgia)

Astringent viral infections, including Covid-19, can crusade musculus hurting or soreness, which tin can be in a specific surface area or spread more widely. The affected area feels sore to the bear on and is made worse by specific movements such as turning the breast or stretching.

Non-specific breast hurting

Not-specific chest pain, which is too called non-cardiac chest hurting, tin can be abrupt or dull, and can happen in curt bursts or be ongoing. It oftentimes doesn't accept a cause that can be found.

• Notice more information well-nigh dissimilar types of chest pain on Your Covid Recovery from the NHS.

Is it normal to take back hurting later on Covid?

While joint and muscle issues can occur anywhere in the torso during or later on Covid-xix, back problems are among the most mutual. Y'all may accept had back pain at times earlier getting Covid-19, and if you were less agile while you lot were ill, this could have fabricated joint or muscle issues come dorsum, or become worse. Articulation stiffness and muscle weakness is likewise likely to get worse if you weren't moving around equally much when you were unwell.

In the weeks later on getting Covid-19, some people accept back anguish or a feeling or pins and needles. As you lot go along to recover, many of these symptoms may likewise ameliorate. Yous can aim for a residuum of rest with as much of your normal daily activity you lot feel you can practise, and also practice to meliorate your force and flexibility, such as stretches or yoga.

When should I seek medical help?

If your pain is astringent, and interfering with your daily activities, y'all lot tin can talk to your md for advice, or if:

• your back hurting is getting worse
• fatigue or breathlessness is preventing y'all from being active
• yous lot develop new symptoms
• your joints and musculus issues oasis't improved afterward three months.

Find out more about how to manage articulation and muscle issues on Your Covid Recovery from the NHS.

Why exercise some people go palpitations, feel airheaded or faint afterwards Covid?

There is emerging conduct witness that some people who develop long Covid take similar symptoms to people with a condition known equally postural tachycardia syndrome, or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (PoTS). This condition can crusade dizziness when moving to an upright position and tin can be triggered by infections. The most common symptoms are feeling dizzy, palpitations (being enlightened of your heartbeat) and fatigue.

At that place accept been several example reports in medical journals of people who had continuing symptoms following Covid-nineteen infection, and some were found to have PoTS. PoTs happens because your torso's ways of fugitive a drop in blood pressure level when you lot stand aren't working properly. Ordinarily when you sit upwardly or stand up, gravity makes some of your blood menses downward, which can cause a autumn in claret pressure level. Your torso responds to foreclose a fall in blood pressure level by narrowing your blood vessels and slightly increasing your heart rate. But if yous accept PoTS these automatic changes don't happen. When y'all motion to an upright position the supply of blood to your center and encephalon drops and your centre starts beating faster to compensate.

While at that place is no cure for PoTS, it can be managed by diet, do and medication, and the researchers say it is important to become an accurate diagnosis so patients tin be treated and brash on how to manage their symptoms.

If this sounds similar your symptoms later having Covid-19, yous lot should permit your medico know to ensure yous are correctly diagnosed and tin receive constructive treatment.

The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) take published guidance for doctors that recognises orthostatic problems (including PoTS) every flake symptoms of long Covid. Orthostatic ways relating to, or caused by, existence upright.

The RCP recommend to doctors that patients experiencing breathlessness, palpitations, fatigue, breast pain and fainting should be checked advisedly for orthostatic bug. This includes having an active stand up up test, which measures a patient'south changes in centre charge per unit of measurement and claret pressure afterward moving from a lying to a standing position.

• Find out more nigh PoTS.

Tips for managing long Covid symptoms

Fatigue and breathlessness

• Stride yourself - programme what you're going to practice and don't over-exert yourself.
• Try to intermission tasks which experience difficult downwards into smaller chunks, and alternate easier and harder activities.
• Consider the all-time fourth dimension of the day to practise sure activities based on your energy levels.
• Frequent curt rests are better than a few longer ones, so residue before you become exhausted.
• Don't stop doing things that make you lot experience breathless. If you cease using your muscles, they'll go weaker, which tin can make you more than incoherent when y'all endeavor to use them.
• Endeavor to gradually increment the corporeality of exercise you practice. Effort going for curt walks or doing uncomplicated force exercises and build up from in that location.
• If you lot use a walking stick or a frame, lean frontward on it when you feel incoherent.
• The ME Clan has published a leaflet well-nigh post-Covid fatigue. You tin tin too call them on 0344 576 5326 for further support.

Boost your mood and mental health

•  Be kind to yourself during your recovery – be prepared that some days will be worse than others
•  Connecting with other people can assistance yous feel happier – make certain to keep in affect with family unit unit and friends.
•  Having a daily routine tin tin be good for your mood and sense of stability.
•  Stay agile – standing to move volition aid release endorphins and meliorate your mood.

Tips for thinking or memory problems

• Brand notes to aid yous lot think things – whether it'southward in work meetings or medical appointments.
• Effort to reduce distractions.
• It can aid to brand a clear program before budgeted whatsoever new or complicated problem or state of affairs. Interruption it down into steps, and go on checking your plan as you lot follow information technology.

Relieving joint or muscle pain

• Flexibility exercises (like stretches, yoga and tai chi) and forcefulness exercises (like climbing stairs, lifting weights and working with resistance bands) can be useful. Bank check with your doctor before starting a new practice authorities.

What tests and treatments are available?

Is there a examination for long Covid?

There isn't ane unmarried examination to diagnose long Covid. It'southward a condition that isn't fully understood however.

Speak to your dr. if y'all are experiencing lasting long Covid symptoms. They may refer you for tests to help sympathize how long Covid is affecting y'all and how it can be treated. Or information technology may fifty-fifty exist that there is another crusade for your symptoms.

Tests could include:

• blood tests
• heart charge per unit of measurement and blood force per unit area checks
• a sit downward-to-stand test
• an ECG
• a chest X-ray

Researchers are looking into new ways to examination for long Covid.

• Detect out more than near why researchers recollect findings about the immune arrangement could unlock the way to a test for long Covid
• Acquire most a special MRI to better understand lung harm from long Covid

Is there a treatment for long Covid?

Unfortunately, at that place isn't one single handling or medication to care for long Covid.

Everyone'due due south feel is different, and then information engineering'due south important to conversation to your GP almost the symptoms yous lot are experiencing. They tin can tell you lot how to all-fourth dimension manage them, and let you know what other back up is available.

If long Covid is having a large impact on your life, you may be referred to a specialist rehabilitation service, or a specialist who looks afterward the symptoms you lot have.

There's lots of things y'all tin can do at abode to manage your symptoms equally y'all recover.

• Read our tips for managing fatigue and breathlessness, low mood, retentiveness problems, or joint pain.

Vaccination and long Covid

Does getting vaccinated reduce the run a risk of long Covid?

Aye – in that location is lots of bear witness that having the vaccine reduces your take chances of developing long Covid.

In February 2022 the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland Wellness Security Agency (UKHSA) published a review of fifteen long Covid studies from the UK and across the globe. They found that people who caught Covid afterwards having two doses of Pfizer, AstraZeneca, or Moderna, or one dose of the Janssen vaccine, were half as likely to develop lasting Covid symptoms (lasting 28 days or more than from the original infection), compared to those who were unvaccinated, or merely had one dose. The research too plant a reduction in longer-term long Covid symptoms (upwardly to vi months). This review merely looked at people who caught Covid – given that vaccination likewise reduces your risk of communicable Covid, the bodily reduction in long Covid accept chances from the vaccine is significantly bigger.

Enquiry from Rex'south Higher Londonas well suggests that ii doses of the vaccine halves the risk of long Covid in adults. The assay, looking at data from the ZOE Covid App betwixt viii December 2020 and iv July 2021, every bit well showed that fully vaccinated adults are much less probable to need hospital treatment and tend to report milder Covid symptoms than those who are unvaccinated.

Information from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) backs this up, showing that ii doses of the vaccine could reduce the take chances of developing long Covid by xl% (in people 18-69 years of historic menstruum).

These studies happened earlier Omicron became the ascendant Covid variant in the United kingdom, or before boosters were widely rolled out, and so more research needs to be done to understand the impact of these.

• See upward-to-appointment enquiry almost the condom and effectiveness of the vaccine

Does getting vaccinated help if you already take long Covid?

In that location is growing evidence that getting the vaccine could reduce long Covid in people who defenseless the virus before they were vaccinated. We are still learning more than about this and what the reasons for it might be.

In the UKHSA prove review, three out of four studies looking at long Covid earlier and later on vaccination found that more than people reported an improvement in symptoms (either straight away or over several weeks) than people who were unvaccinated. Simply in that location were a few people in all studies who plant that their symptoms got worse.

In inquiry published in October 2021, the Office for National Statistics used data from the UK Coronavirus Infection Survey to expect at the association betwixt Covid-xix vaccination and long Covid in people who already had it earlier the vaccine.

In research published in October 2021, the Part for National Statistics used data from the Great britain Coronavirus Infection Survey to wait at the association betwixt Covid-nineteen vaccination and long Covid in people who already had information technology before the vaccine. They found that the starting fourth dimension vaccine was associated with an initial xiii% decrease in the likelihood of self-reported long Covid, although it'southward non clear from the information whether this was a lasting improvement or if symptoms returned after an initial improvement. The 2d dose was associated with nine% decrease in the likelihood of self-reported long Covid, relative to having received the first vaccination, and there was statistical bear witness of a sustained improvement after this.

Which vaccine was used (Pfizer, AstraZeneca or Moderna) didn't appear to make whatsoever divergence to the results. Nor did the person'due south age, indigenous background, gender or other wellness issues.

This type of study is observational, which means information technology can't evidence cause and event. The study was too limited in that it just followed people for an average of 67 days afterward on the second vaccine, and not everyone in the study had their 2nd vaccine. So nosotros can't be certain from this that the Covid-19 vaccines aid people with long Covid (although we do know that they reduce the hazard of getting Covid once again). Over time, the quality and agreement of this data volition meliorate and the conclusions and statistics generated will exist more definite.

Tin children go long Covid?

Yes. The Part for National Statistics (ONS) has published data from the Great britain Coronavirus Infection Survey which looked at how many people showed symptoms five weeks later infection. The survey showed that almost 13 per cent of children in the survey aged between ii and eleven and 14.v per cent of children anile 12 to sixteen reported sure symptoms including fatigue, coughing, headache, muscle aches or loss of sense of gustation or scent v weeks later on falling sick with Covid-19. Just it isn't articulate from the published information how many children these figures were based on.

The ONS as well published data which showed that 1 in ten secondary school pupils reported ongoing symptoms more than four weeks after a confirmed Covid-19 infection. A similar proportion of pupils who had a suspected (simply not confirmed) Covid-nineteen infection as well reported that they had symptoms that lasted more than 4 weeks. The near common symptoms were "weakness/ tiredness", reported by near half of pupils who had lingering symptoms. Six out of 10 pupils with long Covid symptoms said it limited their ability to behave out solar mean solar day to twenty-4 hours activities. The data was based on a survey of ii,326 pupils in schools in England from two-26 July 2021.

• Contact Long Covid Kids for more than information and to connect to other parents

Common questions about long Covid

Who is almost at adventure of developing long Covid?

Researchers have analysed data from the COVID Symptom Report app to discover who is virtually at risk of developing long Covid. They found that older people, women, and those who had a more severe infection (with v or more symptoms in the get-go week of condign ill with Covid-19) were more likely to develop long Covid.

They found that long Covid affects effectually i in ten eighteen-49 twelvemonth-olds who become Covid-19, increasing to just over i in v (22 per cent) people over 70. The researchers as well found people with asthma were also more than likely to develop long Covid. This was the only articulate link they institute to existing wellness atmospheric condition in people who adult long Covid.

Researchers from University Infirmary Zurich have backed up these findings. Their research also found that people with low levels of certain antibodies (IgM and IgG3) in their blood may be more likely to develop long Covid. When they combined this antibiotic data with the other factors (such as the person's historic period, number of initial Covid symptoms, and history of asthma), they were amend able to predict who would keep to take long Covid.

Figures from the Office for National Statistics on people with self-reported long Covid said it was most mutual amid those anile 35-69, females, people living in the nearly deprived areas, those working in health or social care, or education and didactics, and people with another health condition or disability. This study was based on 305,997 people who responded to the Coronavirus Infection Survey in the iv weeks to ii Jan 2022.

Is long Covid contagious?

Long Covid is non contagious. Long Covid symptoms are caused by your body'south response to the virus continuing beyond the initial illness.

To avert passing coronavirus on to others, you should cocky-isolate for 10 days from your original symptoms or positive test, or if after x days yous all the same have a temperature, or runny nose or sneezing, or sickness or diarrhoea, until these symptoms have gone.

If I have long Covid, will I test positive?

No, having long Covid symptoms won't cause y'all to test positive.

If you get a positive Covid examination effect it'south well-nigh likely to be a new infection from the i that caused your long Covid symptoms. If you lot take a positive exam, as ever, yous need to self-isolate for 10 total days to avoid passing information technology on. If afterward x days y'all however take a fever, or are feeling hot or shivery, or have a runny nose or sneezing, or are feeling or being ill, or have diarrhoea, yous should self-isolate until those symptoms have gone. If any of these symptoms are lasting a long fourth dimension and yous recollect they may be symptoms of long Covid, yous tin get some other PCR examination to encounter if y'all withal have an active infection.

What support can I get for long Covid?

• Long Covid clinics are existence rolled out beyond England and have started in Wales to assist those struggling with ongoing symptoms. Speak to your GP or healthcare professional to observe out if you are being referred. No similar services have however been announced in Scotland or Northern Ireland.
• Your Covid Recovery has been ready by the NHS to provide data and back up to those who've had Covid and are still suffering with symptoms. A bilingual version of the app has been adult past NHS Wales.
• If you're worried about your symptoms, or if they are getting worse, contact your GP. You may exist able to be referred for physiotherapy, or for psychological support such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
• Always call 999 if yous have whatever emergency symptoms, such as sudden chest paint, or if you recollect you may be having a eye set on or stroke. Find out more data on when to get medical assist.

What research is beingness done into long Covid?

The BHF and others are funding research to find out more about long Covid. Read more about what inquiry is happening into long Covid.

Read stories from people with long Covid

If y'all're struggling with the ongoing symptoms of coronavirus, it can be helpful to know y'all're not lone.

	A yr of wellness problems: Suki's story "I plant the simply way to get improve is to cease and rest for every bit long equally it takes." Read Suki's story
	Marker's ongoing battle with long Covid "Each 24-hour interval was like being on a rollercoaster in the nighttime." ReadMarking'south story
	James'southward route to recovery "Things are going in the correct direction. Now, my worst moments aren't as bad equally the previous worst moments. I simply take to exist patient." Read James'southward story
	Martin'south feel of long Covid "Sometimes I simply demand a chip of fourth dimension on my own and then I tin can sit, reverberate on what'southward happened, and effort to bargain with it." Read Martin's story

Nosotros're hither for you lot with data and back up around coronavirus

Our fortnightly Eye Matters newsletter includes the latest updates most coronavirus when yous accept a heart status, likewise every bit support for healthy eating, staying active and your emotional wellbeing.

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Source: https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-mag/news/coronavirus-and-your-health/long-covid

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